初中初中指點課程_七年級英語下冊語法總結(jié)

初中初中指點課程_七年級英語下冊語法總結(jié)

眾所周知，自我先容是一樣平常事情中與生疏人確立關(guān)系、打開事態(tài)的一種異常主要的手段。以下是

　　一、

　　1、名詞A)、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不能數(shù)名詞，而不能數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的組成如下：

　　一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

　　二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

　　三)1)以輔音字母加y末尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

　　2)以元音字母加y末尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

　　四)以o末尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

　　五)以f或fe末尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

　　六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(穩(wěn)固的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

　　七)一樣平時只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

　　八)單詞形式穩(wěn)固，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警員局，警員, class班，同硯, family家，家庭成員

　　九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一樣平時只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但若是是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

　　十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思差異。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work事情 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

　　十一) 單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

　　十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB)名詞的格當我們要示意某人的什么器械某人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。組成如下：

　　一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

　　二)復(fù)數(shù)以s末尾的直接在s后加’，若是不是以s末尾的與單數(shù)一樣處置。如：Teachers’ Day, classmates’; Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

　　三)由and并列的名詞所有時，若是是配合所有統(tǒng)一人或物時，只加最后一個’s，但劃分擁有時卻劃分按單數(shù)形式處置。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

　　2、代詞項目 人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱 主格賓格形容詞 名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動詞A) 第三人稱單數(shù)當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)更改詞那樣加s，如下：

　　一)一樣平時在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

　　二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

　　三)1)以輔音字母加y末尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2)以元音字母加y末尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

　　四)以o末尾加es。如：does, goes五)特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB) 現(xiàn)在分詞當我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用真相，組成如下：

　　一)一樣平時在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

　　二)以不發(fā)音e的末尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

　　三)以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注重除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

　　四)以ie末尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

　　4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物舉行對比時，則要使用對照或最高級形式。組成如下：

　　一) 一樣平時在詞后加er或est(若是是以e末尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger –largest

　　二)以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)末尾的雙寫末尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

　　三) 以輔音字母+y末尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

　　四)特殊情形：(兩許多若干壞，一少老遠)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

　　5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;后接th;y末尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、

　　2) 選擇疑問句Is the table big or small? 回復(fù) It’s big./ It’s small.3) 特殊疑問句

　?、?問歲數(shù) How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

　?、?問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

　　③ 問身體狀態(tài) How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

　?、?問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@16com.

　　⑤ 問緣故原由 Why do you want to join the club?

　?、?問時間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:0

　?、?問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

　?、?問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

　?、?問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

　?、?問器械 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

　　11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.

　　12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

　　13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.

　　14 問價錢 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.

　　15 問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-834

　　16 問謂語(動作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

　　17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

　　三、

　　1、一樣平時現(xiàn)在時 示意普遍、經(jīng)常性的或耐久性的動作時使用一樣平時現(xiàn)在時，它有：Be 動詞：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

　　2、現(xiàn)在舉行時 示意動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或舉行就使用舉行時態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.